Meaning:bottom, lower partRussian meaning:дно, нижняя частьMiddle Turkic:teg (Sangl.)Uzbek:tagUighur:tägTurkmen:tejHalaj:tǟKirghiz:tekKazakh:tek 'origin'Karakalpak:tek 'species, origin'Comments:EDT 475. Voicing *-k > *-ɣ (-j) in Oghuz points to an original long vowel.
Proto-Turkic:*TEk- ?Altaic etymology:
Meaning:1 yurt poles 2 small yurtRussian meaning:1 купольные шесты юрты и скрепляющий их обод 2 небольшая юртаKhakassian:tek 'pole, post (for tying horses)' (Abakan, Верб.)Kirghiz:aqtiger 1, tegirtmek 2Kazakh:aq tɨɣɨr 1Comments:Лексика 502.
Proto-Turkic:*tekeAltaic etymology:
Meaning:he-goatRussian meaning:козелOld Turkic:teke (OUygh.)Karakhanid:teke (MK, IM)Turkish:tekeTatar:täkä 'козел, баран'Middle Turkic:teke (Sangl.)Uzbek:takaUighur:tekäSary-Yughur:tekeAzerbaidzhan:täkäTurkmen:tekeOyrat:tekeHalaj:täkäChuvash:taga 'he-goat, ram'Tuva:de`ge, te ([dhe])Tofalar:te'heKirghiz:tekeKazakh:tekäNoghai:tekeBashkir:täkä 'he-goat, ram'Balkar:tekeGagauz:tekeKaraim:teke, tegeKarakalpak:tekeKumyk:tekeComments:See VEWT 470, EDT 477, Лексика 154, 428. Turk. > Mong. teke 'he-goat' (KW 390; TMN 2, 529, Щербак 1997, 154) ( > Man., Sol. texe id., see Doerfer MT 100; Oyr. teke - instead of the expected *tege - may be also borrowed back < Mong.). The Tur. dialectal form deke, despite Doerfer, can hardly justify a reconstruction of PT *d-.
Proto-Turkic:*tekiŕAltaic etymology:
Meaning:levelRussian meaning:ровныйTatar:tigezMiddle Turkic:tekiz (Pav. C.)Uighur:tekizTurkmen:tekīzChuvash:tagъrKirghiz:tegizKazakh:tegisNoghai:tegisBashkir:tigeđKaraim:tegizKarakalpak:tegisComments:VEWT 468, 470. Федотов 2, 165-166 connects the Chuv. form with PT *takɨr 'level, smooth' (which is possible if Chuv. < Tat.), in which case the Chuvash form should be removed from this etymology.
Meaning:decking, coveringRussian meaning:настилMiddle Turkic:telek 'a double ceiling for storing goods' (Pav. C.)Turkmen:telǟr 'canopy'Yakut:tel 'a mat, plank covering in a sleigh' (Пек. 3, 2619)Karakalpak:telek 'crib, barn'Comments:VEWT 471. Yak. telgē- 'to lay, put in a row', Tuva delgeg 'shop window; exhibition' may be < Mong. delge- 'раскладывать, выставлять'
Meaning:1 to dry, become dry 2 to suffer from heatRussian meaning:1 сохнуть 2 страдать от жарыAzerbaidzhan:täpi- 1Turkmen:tebi- 1Chuvash:tip- 1, 2Comments:Räsänen (VEWT 253) and Федотов (2, 233) think that the Chuv. form reflects PT *kep-, but this is impossible for phonetic reasons.
Meaning:hill, top; top of headRussian meaning:холм, вершинаOld Turkic:töpüKarakhanid:tepe (Tefs.), töpü (KB)Turkish:tepe, dial. depeTatar:tübɛMiddle Turkic:tepe, töpe (MA, Pav. C.)Uzbek:tepaUighur:töpäAzerbaidzhan:täpäTurkmen:depeOyrat:töböChuvash:tübǝ, töbe (NW)Yakut:töböDolgan:töböTuva:t`ejKirghiz:töböKazakh:töbeNoghai:töbeBashkir:tübɛBalkar:töbeGagauz:tepeKaraim:tebeKarakalpak:töbeKumyk:töbeComments:VEWT 494, 505, TMN 2, 450-452, EDT 436, ЭСТЯ 3, 197-199, Лексика 201, Stachowski 227. The original meaning was probably 'crest, top of head': cf. Kirgh. tüpök 'бунчук', Chuv. tǝʷbek 'crest, top of head'. Forms with d- in Oghuz may be a trace of a different root (see below); but Kirgh. döbö and Uygh. döwä are most probably < Mong. döbe.
Proto-Turkic:*terAltaic etymology:
Meaning:1 hired labour 2 wagesRussian meaning:1 работа по найму 2 зарплатаKarakhanid:ter 1, 2 (MK, IM)Turkish:ter oɣlan 'hired worker'Middle Turkic:ter 2 (MA)Chuvash:tar(a) 1Yakut:terij- 'to organize'Tuva:xol deri 2 (contamination: lit. 'arm sweat')Kirghiz:maŋdaj teri 2 (contamination: lit. 'forehead sweat')Comments:VEWT 474, EDT 528, Лексика 353, Федотов 2, 176 (the root should be kept distinct from *der 'sweat'.
